|
Gustav Noske (9 July 1868 – 30 November 1946) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence (''Reichswehrminister'') of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske has been a controversial figure because, although a member of the socialist movement, he used army and paramilitary forces to bloodily suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919. To do so, he made use of forces that were fundamentally opposed to the republic which he served. ==Early life and World War I== Noske was born on 9 July 1868 in Brandenburg an der Havel, Prussia. He was the son of the weaver Karl Noske (born 1838) and the manual labourer Emma Noske (née Herwig, born 1843).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biografie Gustav Noske (German) )〕 From 1874 to 1882 he went to primary and secondary school (''Volks-'' and ''Bürgerschule''). In 1882 to 1886 he was apprenticed as a basket maker at the ''Reichsteinische Kinderwagenfabrik'' and travelled to Halle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Liegnitz as a journeyman. In 1884, Noske joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and he also became a union member. In 1892, Noske was elected chairman of the Brandenburg SPD.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biografie Gustav Noske (German) )〕 He married Martha Thiel (1872-1949) at Brandenburg in 1891. They had one son and two daughters.〔 From 1897 to 1902 Noske was politically active at the local level and worked as an editor at social democratic newspapers in Brandenburg and Königsberg (''Volkstribüne'').〔 From 1902 to 1918 he was chief editor at the paper ''Volksstimme'' in Chemnitz. In 1906, Noske was elected to the German Parliament for the SPD where he remained through 1918 as representative of the Chemnitz constituency.〔 Within the SPD he was an expert on military, navy and colonial issues. After 1912, Noske was ''Koreferent'' of the Reichstag for the Navy budget.〔 In 1914, he published a book ''Kolonialpolitik und Sozialdemokratie'' in which he argued in favour of German colonialism.〔 He was known as a reformist (i.e. one of those in the SPD who wanted to achieve their political goals within the existing system) and as someone who was not much interested in fundamental theoretical debates.〔 During the First World War, Noske was part of the moderate (or conservative) wing of the SPD which also included Friedrich Ebert and Philipp Scheidemann and which supported the war as a defensive measure.〔 Noske supported the war loans, but he also argued in favour of a stronger political position for the Reichstag. In 1916 to 1918, he was the parliamentary speaker of a commission appointed by the government to investigate military procurement and related excess profits by contractors (''Kommission für die Überprüfung der Kriegslieferungen''). In this function, Noske helped to shed light on the business practices involved and to expand the authority of the parliament.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gustav Noske」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|